- INDEPENDENCE:
- living free from the influence, guidance, or control by another organism
- SYMBIOSIS:
- a relationship in which two dissimilar organisms (SYMBIOTES, SYMBIONTS) live in close association with one another
- MUTUALISM:
- mutually beneficial relationship between two species
- COMMENSALISM:
- a relationship between two species in which one is benefited and the other is not affected, neither negatively nor positively
- PARASITISM:
- a relationship between two species in which one benefits (parasite) from the other (host); usually involves some detriment to the host
- BENIGN:
- referring to a non-life or non-health threatening condition = COMMENSALISM
- MALIGNANT:
- a disease tending to become progressively worse (MORBIDITY=illness) and potentially result in death (MORTALITY=death)
- CARRIER:
- a symptomless individual who is host to a pathogenic microorganims and who has the potential to pass the pathogen to others
- PATHOGENICITY:
- the quality of producing or the ability to produce pathologic changes or disease
- VIRULENCE:
- a measure of pathogenicity; a measurement of the degree of disease producing ability of a microorganism as indicated by the severity of the disease produced; a measure of the dosage required to caused a specific degree of pathogenicity --- one general standard is the LD50
- DOSAGE:
-
- the number of pathogenic microorganisms entering the host
- LD50:
- the number of microorganisms required to cause lethality in 50% of the test host
- TRUE PATHOGEN:
- any microorganism capable of causing disease; an infecting agent
- OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN:
- a usually harmless microorganism that becomes pathogenic under favorable conditions
- INFECTION:
- the colonization and/or invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microrganisms in the host with or without the manifestation of disease
- COLONIZATION:
- the successful occupation of a new habitat by a species not normally found in this niche
- MULTIPLICATION:
- the ability of a microorganism to reproduce during an infection
- DISEASE:
- an abnormal condition of body function(s) or structure that is considered to be harmful to the affected individual (host); any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system of the body
Copyright © 2000, D.M. Rollins and S.W. Joseph
Revised: September 2003
URL: http://life.umd.edu
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